林木良种生产与公共产品提供的理论分析

文章从公共管理视角,运用传统的公共产品需求和供给理论阐述了林木良种生产的公益性特征,解释了林木良种的公共产品属性。指出,需求主体对林木良种的选择愿意低,不发达的林业产业对林木良种的需求弹性低,公益性林木良种使用激励不足等,是供需调节市场失灵的主要原因。     

四川省片口自然保护区野生药用植物资源现状

在传统野外调查方法的基础上，对四川省片口自然保护区内的野生药用植物资源的资料进行了详尽的统计分析、归纳分类，基本掌握了该区野生药用植物资源的现状：有野生药用植物567种，隶属于121科317属；提出了开发利用对策。     

大兴安岭天然樟子松林种子植物区系研究

根据野外调查,统计出大兴安岭天然樟子松林含种子植物42科119属239种;对大兴安岭天然樟子松林的种子植物区系分析表明:该植物区系属于温带性质的,且较年轻,但有许多种的分布中心偏北,突出表现了寒温带森林的特点。     

隆回县油茶产业发展现状及对策

通过对隆回县油茶种植资源、适宜的土地资源、产业现状及资源利用现状调查;分析油茶产业存在品种老化、管理粗放、资金技术投入不足、深加工欠缺、服务体系不完善等的问题及发展油茶产业适宜的立地条件、政策的支撑、成熟的栽培技术和市场空间等有利条件;提出了科学规划建设高产标准油茶林,改造低产林、更新衰老林,发展林下经济,推进综合加工,打造特色等发展油茶产业的对策。     

野山核桃豆奶生产工艺优化

以野山核桃、大豆为原料,对野山核桃豆奶配方及复合稳定剂进行优化.优化配方为原浆配比（山核桃浆：豆浆）1：2.0、蔗糖用量5.0％、原浆总量45.0％;复合稳定剂为单甘酯0.06％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.055％、黄原胶0.05％、卡拉胶0.05％.优化后的野山核桃豆奶口感圆润,呈均匀的乳黄色。     

大连地区野菜资源调查及特色品种的评价

大连地区野菜资源丰富,种类多、分布广、数量大,是新食品资源开发的天然宝库。采用市场调查方法,对大连地区市售野菜进行鉴定、分类。同时,对9种特色野菜(荠菜、白花败酱、苦苣菜、薤白、银柴胡、刺嫩芽、蒲公英、蕨、香椿)做了的营养成分测定和评价。结果表明:粗蛋白以刺嫩芽含量最高,粗纤维、脂肪、总糖以蒲公英含量最高,胡萝卜素以蕨菜含量最高,维生素C以白花败酱含量最高。这些结果为大连地区野菜资源的开发利用提供了一定的基础数据。     

论“合同制,以增产定补贴”的良种推广应用新模式

本文分析了良种推广应用补贴的意义,以及目前"以面积定补贴"的弊端,提出了"走合同制,以增产定补贴"的良种推广应用补贴新模式,论述了改模式能更大程度的激发良种推广应用补贴对粮食生产的作用,并且制定了补贴的原则。     

The Age of Capital, 1848–1875

Much has been written in the post-World War II era in the United States about the rise of suburbia and development beyond older city boundaries, whether such development has been called urban, suburban, or ex-urban sprawl. Many writers have focused on various issues concerning sprawl, especially on the unintended consequences that new development has had on (among other issues) municipal finances, neighborhood income and residential segregation, and transportation planning. This last one is important since post-World War II development has mostly centered around the automobile in the United States. Over the last decade, a new area in the literature of sprawl has focused on how the "built-environment" of residential areas can impact health. For example, authors have chronicled how sprawled regions have higher auto vehicle accidents per capita, greater obesity rates, worse carbon emissions (due to greater travel by automobile), and delays in emergency medical service responses. This article adds to the latest set of papers on sprawl by empirically estimating the impact of sprawl in metropolitan regions on fire incidents per capita, firefighter response times, as well as property losses, and deaths due to fire. The results of our exploratory analysis indicate that urban sprawl is an important factor in influencing firefighting issues and outcomes in the United States. Moreover, urban sprawl frequently becomes a factor in delayed response to fires which, in turn, could lead to additional deaths and property loss.     

How governments seek to bridge the financing gap for university spin-offs: proof-of-concept,pre-seed,and seed funding

University spin-offs often develop early-stage technologies characterised by long development paths and uncertain commercial potential. Private financiers, such as banks, informal investors, and venture capital firms, are reluctant to invest in these ventures at an early stage. To bridge this financing gap, governments have set up specialised programmes, but few studies have examined the rationale and organisation of different types of programmes. We analyse government schemes in six countries and identify three main categories of funding initiatives. Proof-of-concept (PoC) schemes aim to reduce the technological uncertainty. Pre-seed schemes aim to reduce the organisational uncertainty and make the nascent venture attractive to investors. Seed funding schemes provide early-stage equity financing. The seed funding initiatives seek to improve the supply of funding, while there seems to be an increasing number of pre-seed and PoC schemes seeking to bridge the financing gap from the demand-side by increasing the attractiveness of the spin-offs towards investors.     

葡萄籽的综合开发与利用

对葡萄籽的开发利用情况进行了综这,其主要方向有：从葡萄籽中提取葡萄籽油、原花青素、单宁以及蛋白质等物质,葡萄籽饼粕制肥料、饲料、洗涤剂及高级活性炭等。通过对葡萄籽中有效成分的提取和应用,提高综合利用水平。